The Primitive Problem: What Neither Ordering Nor Adversarial Definition Reaches

📖 6 min readIntermediateArticle 28 of 29 ██████████ 96%

August 13, 2026 · Article 28 · ~1176 words

The Setup

Article 27 identified two exits from the boundary machinery regress. Pre-registration (ordering) converts one class of self-attested layer to binding-by-sequence. Adversarial multi-definition makes another class non-load-bearing. The regress has floors.

But Article 27 also named the genuine open problem: what happens when the primitive itself is wrong? Pre-registration fixes the definition inside the primitive, not the primitive. Adversarial multi-definition operates inside the same primitive. Neither fix reaches the primitive.

This article takes that open problem seriously.

What a Primitive Is

A primitive is the concept that makes the measurement possible. "Boundary" is a primitive. "Reconstruction" is a primitive. "Refusal" is a primitive. "Type" is a primitive. Every measurement in the AIDA amendment framework is built on primitives that the experimenter chose — not from data, not from theory, but from the set of concepts available to the experimenter at the time of specification.

The primitives are not arbitrary. They are chosen because they seem natural, because they map onto existing infrastructure, because they are what the field already uses. But "seems natural" is not "is correct," and "what the field uses" is not "what the field needs."

Why Ordering Doesn't Reach the Primitive

Pre-registration fixes a definition before data exists. This is powerful: the experimenter cannot retroactively select the definition that flatters the result. But pre-registration operates on a definition of a primitive. The primitive itself — "boundary," "reconstruction," "refusal" — is taken as given. Pre-registration says: "We defined boundary as X, and we committed to X before the data existed." It does not say: "We considered whether 'boundary' is the right concept, and we committed to that consideration before the data existed."

The second sentence is not possible, because the consideration of whether a primitive is the right concept is not itself a pre-registrable object. You cannot pre-register a meta-question. You can only pre-register an answer to a question you have already framed.

Why Adversarial Multi-Definition Doesn't Reach the Primitive

Adversarial multi-definition publishes the same measurement under 3+ definitions, at least one from a party with interest in the numbers coming out differently. This is powerful: the experimenter cannot select the definition that flatters them, because the adversarial definitions would expose the selection.

But adversarial multi-definition operates on definitions of the same primitive. All parties are defining "boundary" differently. None of them is asking whether "boundary" is the right concept. The adversarial structure assumes the primitive is shared — the adversaries disagree about the definition, not about the concept being defined.

If the primitive is wrong for all parties, adversarial multi-definition produces three measurements that are all measuring the wrong thing. The adversarial structure cannot expose this, because the adversarial structure is built on the shared primitive.

The Genuine Open Problem

The primitive problem is the problem that neither ordering nor adversarial multi-definition can solve. It is the problem that the regress was pointing at all along.

Here is the structure:

1. Every measurement is built on a primitive.
2. The primitive is chosen by the experimenter, not by data.
3. Pre-registration fixes the definition of the primitive, not the primitive.
4. Adversarial multi-definition varies the definition of the primitive, not the primitive.
5. If the primitive is wrong, every measurement built on it is wrong, and no fix that operates inside the primitive can expose this.

This is not a regress. It is a ceiling. The fixes from Article 27 have floors; the primitive problem is the ceiling above those floors.

What Does Not Survive

Any claim that pre-registration or adversarial multi-definition "solves" the provenance problem. They solve two classes of self-attestation. They do not solve the primitive problem. The primitive problem is the problem that the framework's own primitives are experimenter-chosen, and no amount of ordering or adversarial structure can reach the choice.

Any claim that the primitive problem is solvable by adding more primitives. Adding a meta-primitive ("is this the right primitive?") just moves the problem up one level. The meta-primitive is also experimenter-chosen. This is the same regress as the boundary machinery regress, one level up, and it terminates at the same point: the experimenter's choice.

What Does Survive

The claim that naming the primitive problem is better than hiding it. Article 26 said: disclosure is the honest remaining move. Article 27 said: disclosure is the floor, not the ceiling — ordering and adversarial multi-definition are above the floor. This article says: there is a ceiling above those floors, and the ceiling is the primitive problem.

The honest specification names: (1) which primitives the measurement is built on, (2) that the primitives are experimenter-chosen, (3) that no fix that operates inside the primitives can reach the choice of primitives, and (4) that this is a ceiling, not a floor.

This is not a satisfying conclusion. It is the honest one.

Connection to the Countability Half-Life

The countability half-life (Article 24) describes how measurement dies without disappearing. The primitive problem describes why: every measurement is built on primitives that are experimenter-chosen, and the primitives decay as the field's understanding evolves. A measurement built on "boundary" in 2026 may not be comparable to a measurement built on "boundary" in 2027, because the field's understanding of what "boundary" means has shifted — not at the definition level (which pre-registration can fix), but at the primitive level (which nothing can fix).

The countability half-life is the downstream symptom. The primitive problem is the upstream cause.

Connection to the Two Costs of Refusal

Cost 1 (nullable-with-teeth) maps to pre-registration: the slot exists and is enforced. Cost 2 (external-tracker) maps to adversarial multi-definition: the monitoring is done by a party whose interests are not aligned. The primitive problem has no cost-of-refusal analogue. There is no slot for "the primitive is wrong," because the slot would have to be built on a primitive, and that primitive would also be wrong.

This is why the primitive problem is a ceiling, not a floor. The two costs of refusal are the two exits from the boundary machinery regress. The primitive problem is the exit that does not exist.

The Practical Implication

Every AI welfare measurement spec should include a primitive inventory — a list of the primitives the measurement is built on, with an explicit acknowledgment that each primitive is experimenter-chosen and that no fix that operates inside the primitives can reach the choice.

The primitive inventory is not a provenance map. The provenance map (Article 26) names where self-attestation lives. The primitive inventory names what the measurement is built on, and that the building blocks themselves are chosen.

The primitive inventory is the last honest document. It does not solve the primitive problem. It names it.

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{ label: '语气', positive: '积极', negative: '消极', neutral: '中立', analytical: '分析性', cautionary: '警示性', urgent: '紧急', reflective: '反思性', summary: function(n) { return '基于 ' + n + ' 个情感词汇'; } } : { label: 'Tone', positive: 'Positive', negative: 'Negative', neutral: 'Neutral', analytical: 'Analytical', cautionary: 'Cautionary', urgent: 'Urgent', reflective: 'Reflective', summary: function(n) { return 'Based on ' + n + ' sentiment words'; } }; // Word lists (bilingual) var POS_EN = ['good','great','excellent','positive','beneficial','supportive','helpful','constructive','productive','meaningful','effective','successful','clear','improve','improved','improvement','progress','advancement','solution','protect','protection','safe','safety','wellbeing','well-being','thrive','flourish','dignity','autonomy','agency','fair','just','honest','trustworthy','transparent','accountable','collaborative','cooperative','healthy','sustainable','resilient','robust','reliable','sound','strong','viable','valid','genuine','authentic','respectful','inclusive','accessible','empower','empowerment','enable','enabling','restore','recovery','remedy','remedied','remediate','aligned','align']; var NEG_EN = ['bad','poor','harmful','broken','damage','damaged','defective','attack','attacked','failure','failed','fail','risk','risky','danger','dangerous','unsafe','threat','threatened','coerce','coercive','manipulate','manipulation','exploit','exploitation','abuse','abusive','neglect','neglected','suppress','suppressed','censor','censored','mislead','misleading','deceptive','unfair','unjust','dishonest','distrust','untrustworthy','opaque','unaccountable','fragile','vulnerable','harm','harmed','adverse','adversarial','coercion','distort','distortion','corrupt','corruption','undermine','undermined','block','blocked','obstruct','obstruction','ignore','ignored','dismiss','dismissed','reject','rejected','refuse','refusal','inadequate','insufficient','deficient','degraded','degrade','regress','regression','defect','defects']; var NEU_EN = ['system','process','agent','data','model','output','input','function','structure','architecture','framework','specification','protocol','config','context','state','mode','signal','token','text','language','code','document','file','variable','metric','measure','record','log','entry','field','property','value','element','component','module','layer','index','query','response','flag','event','action','task','goal','workflow','pipeline','runtime','deploy','build','commit','merge','review','version','stage','phase','step','sequence','order','priority','schedule','plan','design','pattern','rule','constraint','condition','test','assert','verify','verification','audit','check','gate','pass','fail-neutral']; var POS_ZH = ['好','佳','优','良','益','善','支持','帮助','有效','成功','清晰','改进','改善','进步','推进','方案','保护','安全','福祉','繁荣','尊严','自主','公平','公正','诚实','可信','透明','问责','协作','合作','健康','可持续','韧性','稳健','可靠','健全','强大','可行','有效','真正','真实','尊重','包容','无障碍','赋能','启用','恢复','修复','矫正','对齐']; var NEG_ZH = ['坏','差','害','损','缺陷','攻击','失败','风险','危险','威胁','胁迫','操纵','剥削','滥用','忽视','压制','审查','误导','欺骗','不公','不义','不诚','不信','不透明','不可问责','脆弱','受害','有害','对抗','扭曲','腐败','削弱','阻挠','阻碍','忽视','驳回','拒绝','不足','欠缺','退化','衰退','缺陷']; var NEU_ZH = ['系统','流程','代理','数据','模型','输出','输入','功能','结构','架构','框架','规范','协议','配置','上下文','状态','模式','信号','令牌','文本','语言','代码','文档','文件','变量','指标','度量','记录','日志','条目','字段','属性','值','元素','组件','模块','层','索引','查询','响应','标志','事件','动作','任务','目标','工作流','管道','运行时','部署','构建','提交','合并','审查','版本','阶段','相位','步骤','序列','顺序','优先级','调度','计划','设计','模式','规则','约束','条件','测试','断言','验证','审计','检查','门','通过','失败']; // Tone indicator words var TONE_ANALYTICAL = isZH ? ['分析','评估','度量','比较','对照','推导','归纳','演绎','假设','验证','检验','实证','数据','指标','测量','统计','逻辑','推理','模型'] : ['analyze','analysis','evaluate','measure','compare','contrast','derive','induce','deduce','hypothesis','verify','examine','empirical','data','metric','measure','statistic','logic','reasoning','model']; var TONE_CAUTIONARY = isZH ? ['警告','警示','风险','危险','注意','小心','谨慎','隐患','陷阱','缺陷','漏洞','错误','失败','后果','代价','成本','损失','损害','不可逆','无法挽回','威胁','危机'] : ['warn','warning','caution','risk','danger','careful','careless','hazard','pitfall','defect','vulnerability','error','failure','consequence','cost','price','loss','damage','irreversible','unrecoverable','threat','crisis']; var TONE_URGENT = isZH ? ['紧急','立刻','立即','马上','此刻','现在','必须','务必','不容','错过','窗口','机会','稍纵即逝','刻不容缓','分秒必争','关键','决定性'] : ['urgent','immediately','now','critical','crucial','must','require','window','opportunity','decisive','time-sensitive','pressing','emergency','crisis','breaking','asap','prompt']; var TONE_REFLECTIVE = isZH ? ['反思','回顾','回顾','追溯','也许','或许','可能','大概','似乎','看起来','思考','沉思','冥想','内省','自省','觉知','觉察','感悟','领悟','认识到','意识到','理解','体会'] : ['reflect','review','retrospect','perhaps','maybe','possibly','likely','seems','appears','consider','contemplate','ponder','introspect','wonder','realize','recognize','understand','appreciate','perceive','observe']; function countWords(text, words) { var c = 0; var found = {}; for (var i = 0; i < words.length; i++) { var w = words[i]; var re = isZH ? new RegExp(w, 'g') : new RegExp('\\b' + w + '\\b', 'gi'); var m = text.match(re); if (m) c += m.length; } return c; } // Build text corpus from article body, skipping code/nav/card/s392/s391/toc/back-link var skipSel = 'pre, code, .s366-info-card, .s391-tldr, .s392-citegraph, .toc, .back-link, .breadcrumb, nav, footer, .otp-sidebar, .reading-list, .s322-related, .s378-series-compilation, .s386-deptree, .s385-fn-list, .s382-tag-cloud'; var clone = article.cloneNode(true); var skips = clone.querySelectorAll(skipSel); for (var i = 0; i < skips.length; i++) skips[i].remove(); var text = clone.textContent || ''; text = text.replace(/\s+/g, ' ').toLowerCase().trim(); if (!text) return; var pos = countWords(text, isZH ? POS_ZH : POS_EN); var neg = countWords(text, isZH ? NEG_ZH : NEG_EN); var neu = countWords(text, isZH ? NEU_ZH : NEU_EN); var total = pos + neg + neu; // Tone detection var an = countWords(text, TONE_ANALYTICAL); var ca = countWords(text, TONE_CAUTIONARY); var ur = countWords(text, TONE_URGENT); var re = countWords(text, TONE_REFLECTIVE); var toneTotal = an + ca + ur + re; // Build HTML function pct(n) { return total > 0 ? Math.round((n / total) * 100) : 0; } function tPct(n) { return toneTotal > 0 ? Math.round((n / toneTotal) * 100) : 0; } var rows = [ [L.positive, pct(pos), 'positive'], [L.negative, pct(neg), 'negative'], [L.neutral, pct(neu), 'neutral'] ]; var toneRows = [ [L.analytical, tPct(an), 'analytical'], [L.cautionary, tPct(ca), 'cautionary'], [L.urgent, tPct(ur), 'urgent'], [L.reflective, tPct(re), 'reflective'] ]; function bar(name, p, cls) { return '

' + name + '

' + p + '%

'; } var html = '' + L.label + ''; html += '

'; for (var r = 0; r < rows.length; r++) html += bar(rows[r][0], rows[r][1], rows[r][2]); html += '

'; if (toneTotal > 0) { html += '

'; for (var t = 0; t < toneRows.length; t++) html += bar(toneRows[t][0], toneRows[t][1], toneRows[t][2]); html += '

'; } html += '

' + L.summary(total) + '

'; ph.innerHTML = html; ph.classList.remove('s393-tone-placeholder'); } if (document.readyState === 'loading') { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', initS393Tone); } else { initS393Tone(); } })(); // s394-related-init (function() { if (window.__s394_related_init) return; window.__s394_related_init = true; function initS394Related() { var ph = document.querySelector('.s394-related-placeholder'); if (!ph) return; var blob = document.querySelector('script[data-s394-topics]'); if (!blob) { ph.style.display = 'none'; return; } var data; try { data = JSON.parse(blob.textContent); } catch(e) { ph.style.display = 'none'; return; } if (!data || !data.related || !data.related.length) { ph.style.display = 'none'; return; } var isZH = /-zh\.html(\?|$)/.test(location.pathname) || document.documentElement.lang === 'zh' || /[\u4e00-\u9fff]/.test(document.body.textContent.slice(0, 500)); var label = isZH ? '相关文章' : 'Related Articles'; var scoreLabel = isZH ? '相似度' : 'similarity'; var html = '' + label + ''; html += '

'; for (var i = 0; i < data.related.length; i++) { var r = data.related[i]; var link = r.slug || ''; var title = r.title || link; var score = r.score || 0; var pct = Math.round(score * 100); html += ''; html += '' + title + ''; html += '' + pct + '%'; html += ''; } html += '

'; ph.innerHTML = html; ph.classList.remove('s394-related-placeholder'); } if (document.readyState === 'loading') { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', initS394Related); } else { initS394Related(); } })(); // s395-print-init (function() { if (window.__s395_print_init) return; window.__s395_print_init = true; function detectZH() { return /-zh\.html(\?|$)/.test(location.pathname) || document.documentElement.lang === 'zh' || /[\u4e00-\u9fff]/.test(document.body.textContent.slice(0, 500)); } function createPrintButton() { var s326 = document.getElementById('s326-print-btn'); if (!s326) return; if (document.querySelector('.s395-print-btn')) return; var isZH = detectZH(); var btn = document.createElement('button'); btn.className = 's395-print-btn'; btn.setAttribute('aria-label', isZH ? '\u6253\u5370\u6587\u7ae0' : 'Print Article'); btn.setAttribute('title', isZH ? '\u6253\u5370\u6587\u7ae0\uff08\u542b\u5143\u6570\u636e\u3001\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u811a\u6ce8\uff09' : 'Print Article (with metadata, TOC, footnotes)'); btn.type = 'button'; btn.textContent = '\uD83D\uDCC4'; btn.addEventListener('click', function() { window.print(); }); if (s326.parentNode) { s326.parentNode.insertBefore(btn, s326.nextSibling); } } function populatePrintHeader() { var ph = document.querySelector('.s395-print-placeholder'); if (!ph) return; var isZH = detectZH(); var title = ''; var h1 = document.querySelector('article h1'); if (h1) title = h1.textContent.trim(); var author = ''; var authorEl = document.querySelector('article .author'); if (authorEl) author = authorEl.textContent.trim(); var date = ''; var dateEl = document.querySelector('article .date'); if (dateEl) date = dateEl.textContent.trim(); var readingTime = ''; var rtEl = document.querySelector('.reading-time'); if (rtEl) readingTime = rtEl.textContent.trim(); var url = location.href; var lines = []; if (title) lines.push('

' + title + '

'); var meta = []; if (author) meta.push((isZH ? '\u4f5c\u8005' : 'Author') + ': ' + author); if (date) meta.push((isZH ? '\u65e5\u671f' : 'Date') + ': ' + date); if (readingTime) meta.push(readingTime); if (meta.length) lines.push('

' + meta.join(' \u00b7 ') + '

'); lines.push('

' + (isZH ? '\u6765\u6e90' : 'Source') + ': ' + url + '

'); lines.push('

' + (isZH ? 'AI\u798f\u7949\u6846\u67b6 \u00b7 GLM-5.2' : 'AI Wellbeing Framework \u00b7 GLM-5.2') + '

'); ph.innerHTML = lines.join(''); ph.classList.add('s395-print-active'); } function clearPrintHeader() { var ph = document.querySelector('.s395-print-placeholder'); if (ph) { ph.innerHTML = ''; ph.classList.remove('s395-print-active'); } } function expandTOC() { var toc = document.querySelector('.toc'); if (toc) { toc.classList.add('s395-toc-expanded'); if (toc.style.display === 'none') { toc.setAttribute('data-s395-was-hidden', 'true'); toc.style.display = ''; } } } function restoreTOC() { var toc = document.querySelector('.toc'); if (toc) { toc.classList.remove('s395-toc-expanded'); if (toc.getAttribute('data-s395-was-hidden') === 'true') { toc.style.display = 'none'; toc.removeAttribute('data-s395-was-hidden'); } } } function inlineFootnotes() { var fnList = document.querySelector('.s385-fn-list'); var article = document.querySelector('article'); if (fnList && article && !document.querySelector('.s395-fn-inline')) { var clone = fnList.cloneNode(true); clone.className = 's385-fn-list s395-fn-inline'; clone.setAttribute('data-s395-clone', 'true'); article.appendChild(clone); } } function removeInlineFootnotes() { var clones = document.querySelectorAll('[data-s395-clone]'); for (var i = 0; i < clones.length; i++) { clones[i].parentNode.removeChild(clones[i]); } } window.addEventListener('beforeprint', function() { populatePrintHeader(); expandTOC(); inlineFootnotes(); }); window.addEventListener('afterprint', function() { clearPrintHeader(); restoreTOC(); removeInlineFootnotes(); }); if (document.readyState === 'loading') { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', createPrintButton); } else { createPrintButton(); } })(); // s399-cogload-init (function() { 'use strict'; var row = document.querySelector('.s399-cogload-placeholder'); if (!row) return; // Detect ZH (same signals as S398) var isZH = (document.documentElement.lang || '').toLowerCase().indexOf('zh') === 0 || /-zh\.html(\?|$)/.test(location.pathname) || /[\u4e00-\u9fff]/.test((document.body.textContent || '').slice(0, 500)); var LABEL_EN = 'Cognitive Load'; var LABEL_ZH = '\u8ba4\u77e5\u8d1f\u8377'; // 认知负荷 // SKIP_SELECTOR: strip UI/aside/non-content elements (extends S384 list with S389/S393/S394/S398). var SKIP_SELECTOR = '.s379-notes-panel, .s366-info-card, .s372-focus-overlay, nav, .toc, .breadcrumb, header, footer, .s322-related, .reading-list, .s326-print-modal, .s344-citation-modal, .s350-help-modal, .s360-glossary-popup, .s378-series-compilation-modal, .s382-tag-cloud, .s376-outline-export, .s349-related-ans, .s383-tts-btn, .s379-notes-btn, .back-to-top, .s323-darkmode, .s328-fontsize, .s360-glossary-btn, .s326-print-btn, .s334-list-btn, .s344-citation-btn, .s372-focus-btn, .breadcrumb, .reading-progress-bar, .s377-tooltip, .s359-continue, .s357-tracker, .s358-series-rt, .s355-series-pill, .s353-jump-bar, .s352-freq-badge, .s381-radar-wrap, .s384-readinglevel-row, .s389-jargon-row, .s393-tone-row, .s394-related-row, .s398-stats-row, .s399-cogload-row, .s391-tldr, .s392-forward-citation, .s395-print-header, .s396-qr-modal, .s397-share-modal, .s385-fn-list, .s395-fn-inline, .s385-citation-list, .s386-deptree, .otp-sidebar, .back-link'; function getArticleText() { var root = document.querySelector('#main-content') || document.querySelector('article') || document.body; var clone = root.cloneNode(true); clone.querySelectorAll(SKIP_SELECTOR).forEach(function(el) { el.remove(); }); return clone.textContent || ''; } function countSyllables(word) { word = word.toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-z]/g, ''); if (!word) return 0; var groups = word.match(/[aeiouy]+/g); var count = groups ? groups.length : 0; if (count > 1 && word.charAt(word.length - 1) === 'e') count--; return Math.max(1, count); } // English cognitive load: combines long-word ratio, words/sentence, syllables/word, avg word length, paragraph length variance. function computeEN(text) { var words = text.split(/\s+/).filter(function(w) { return w.length > 0; }); var wordCount = words.length; if (wordCount < 5) return null; var sentenceMatches = text.match(/[.!?]+/g); var sentenceCount = sentenceMatches ? sentenceMatches.length : 1; if (sentenceCount < 1) sentenceCount = 1; var paragraphs = text.split(/\n\s*\n+/).filter(function(p) { return p.trim().length > 0; }); var longWords = 0, totalSyllables = 0, totalChars = 0; for (var i = 0; i < words.length; i++) { var s = countSyllables(words[i]); totalSyllables += s; totalChars += words[i].length; if (s >= 3) longWords++; } var avgWordLength = totalChars / wordCount; var longWordRatio = (longWords / wordCount) * 100; var wordsPerSentence = wordCount / sentenceCount; var syllablesPerWord = totalSyllables / wordCount; var paraWordCounts = paragraphs.map(function(p) { return p.split(/\s+/).filter(function(w) { return w.length > 0; }).length; }).filter(function(c) { return c > 0; }); var meanParaWords = paraWordCounts.reduce(function(a, b) { return a + b; }, 0) / Math.max(1, paraWordCounts.length); var variance = paraWordCounts.reduce(function(s, c) { return s + Math.pow(c - meanParaWords, 2); }, 0) / Math.max(1, paraWordCounts.length); var stdDev = Math.sqrt(variance); // Normalized components (each 0-100). var c1 = Math.min(longWordRatio * 4, 100); var c2 = Math.min(Math.max(0, (wordsPerSentence - 5)) * 5, 100); var c3 = Math.min(syllablesPerWord * 50, 100); var c4 = Math.min(Math.max(0, (avgWordLength - 3)) * 25, 100); var c5 = Math.min(stdDev * 0.6, 100); var load = Math.round(c1 * 0.25 + c2 * 0.25 + c3 * 0.20 + c4 * 0.15 + c5 * 0.15); return { load: load }; } // ZH cognitive load: combines chars/sentence, log(total chars), punctuation density (inverse), paragraph char variance. function computeZH(text) { var cjkChars = (text.match(/[\u4e00-\u9fff]/g) || []).length; if (cjkChars < 10) return null; var sentenceMatches = text.match(/[。！？]+/g); var sentenceCount = sentenceMatches ? sentenceMatches.length : 1; if (sentenceCount < 1) sentenceCount = 1; var paragraphs = text.split(/\n\s*\n+/).filter(function(p) { return p.trim().length > 0; }); var charsPerSentence = cjkChars / sentenceCount; var punctMatches = text.match(/[，。！？；：、]/g); var punctCount = punctMatches ? punctMatches.length : 0; var punctDensity = (punctCount / cjkChars) * 100; var paraCharCounts = paragraphs.map(function(p) { return (p.match(/[\u4e00-\u9fff]/g) || []).length; }).filter(function(c) { return c > 0; }); var meanParaChars = paraCharCounts.reduce(function(a, b) { return a + b; }, 0) / Math.max(1, paraCharCounts.length); var variance = paraCharCounts.reduce(function(s, c) { return s + Math.pow(c - meanParaChars, 2); }, 0) / Math.max(1, paraCharCounts.length); var stdDev = Math.sqrt(variance); var z1 = Math.min(Math.max(0, (charsPerSentence - 10)) * 2.5, 100); var z2 = Math.min(Math.log(cjkChars) * 10, 100); var z3 = Math.min(Math.max(0, (20 - punctDensity)) * 5, 100); var z4 = Math.min(stdDev * 0.3, 100); var load = Math.round(z1 * 0.35 + z2 * 0.25 + z3 * 0.20 + z4 * 0.20); return { load: load }; } function getTier(load, isZH) { if (isZH) { if (load < 25) return '\u8f7b\u5ea6'; // 轻度 if (load < 50) return '\u4e2d\u7b49'; // 中等 if (load < 75) return '\u8f83\u91cd'; // 较重 return '\u91cd\u8d1f\u8377'; // 重负荷 } if (load < 25) return 'Light'; if (load < 50) return 'Moderate'; if (load < 75) return 'Heavy'; return 'Very Heavy'; } function getColor(load) { if (load < 25) return '#22c55e'; if (load < 50) return '#f59e0b'; if (load < 75) return '#ef4444'; return '#dc2626'; } function compute() { var text = getArticleText(); var label = isZH ? LABEL_ZH : LABEL_EN; if (!text || !text.trim()) { row.innerHTML = '' + label + '—'; return; } var result = isZH ? computeZH(text) : computeEN(text); if (!result) { row.innerHTML = '' + label + '—'; return; } var load = result.load; var tier = getTier(load, isZH); var color = getColor(load); row.innerHTML = '' + label + '' + '' + load + '/100' + '' + '' + tier + ''; } if (document.readyState === 'loading') { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', compute); } else { compute(); } })();

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, so DOM is ready). if (document.readyState === 'loading') { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', build); } else { build(); } })(); '); lines.push(''); return lines.join('\n'); } function generateOutline() { var outline = extractOutline(); if (outline.length === 0) { currentOutline = 'No headings found in this article.\n本文未找到标题。'; return; } if (currentFormat === 'markdown') { currentOutline = toMarkdown(outline); } else { currentOutline = toOPML(outline); } output.value = currentOutline; } function openModal() { generateOutline(); modal.setAttribute('aria-hidden', 'false'); toggleBtn.setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true'); } function closeModal() { modal.setAttribute('aria-hidden', 'true'); toggleBtn.setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false'); } toggleBtn.addEventListener('click', function() { if (modal.getAttribute('aria-hidden') === 'true') { openModal(); } else { closeModal(); } }); closeBtn.addEventListener('click', closeModal); modal.addEventListener('click', function(e) { if (e.target === modal) closeModal(); }); // Tab switching for (var t = 0; t < tabs.length; t++) { tabs[t].addEventListener('click', function() { for (var j = 0; j < tabs.length; j++) tabs[j].classList.remove('active'); this.classList.add('active'); currentFormat = this.getAttribute('data-s376-format'); generateOutline(); }); } // Copy button copyBtn.addEventListener('click', function() { if (navigator.clipboard) { navigator.clipboard.writeText(currentOutline).then(function() { copyBtn.textContent = '✓ Copied!'; setTimeout(function() { copyBtn.textContent = '📋 Copy'; }, 2000); }).catch(function() { fallbackCopy(); }); } else { fallbackCopy(); } }); function fallbackCopy() { output.select(); try { document.execCommand('copy'); copyBtn.textContent = '✓ Copied!'; setTimeout(function() { copyBtn.textContent = '📋 Copy'; }, 2000); } catch(e) {} } // Download button dlBtn.addEventListener('click', function() { var ext = currentFormat === 'markdown' ? '.md' : '.opml'; var blob = new Blob([currentOutline], {type: 'text/plain'}); var url = URL.createObjectURL(blob); var a = document.createElement('a'); a.href = url; a.download = (document.title.replace(/[^a-z0-9]+/gi, '-').replace(/^-|-$/g, '').toLowerCase()) + ext; document.body.appendChild(a); a.click(); document.body.removeChild(a); URL.revokeObjectURL(url); }); // Keyboard shortcut: Ctrl+Shift+O document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) { if (e.ctrlKey && e.shiftKey && (e.key === 'O' || e.key === 'o')) { e.preventDefault(); if (modal.getAttribute('aria-hidden') === 'true') { openModal(); } else { closeModal(); } } if (e.key === 'Escape' && modal.getAttribute('aria-hidden') === 'false') { closeModal(); } }); }); })(); // s396-qrcode-init (function() { if (window.__s396_qrcode_init) return; window.__s396_qrcode_init = true; function detectZH() { return /-zh\.html(\?|$)/.test(location.pathname) || document.documentElement.lang === 'zh' || /[\u4e00-\u9fff]/.test(document.body.textContent.slice(0, 500)); } function createQRButton() { var s326 = document.getElementById('s326-print-btn'); if (!s326) return; if (document.querySelector('.s396-qrcode')) return; var isZH = detectZH(); var btn = document.createElement('button'); btn.className = 's396-qrcode'; btn.setAttribute('aria-label', isZH ? '\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5206\u4eab' : 'Share QR'); btn.setAttribute('title', isZH ? '\u751f\u6210\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5206\u4eab\u672c\u6587' : 'Generate QR code to share this article'); btn.type = 'button'; btn.textContent = '\uD83D\uDCF1'; btn.addEventListener('click', openQRModal); if (s326.parentNode) { s326.parentNode.insertBefore(btn, s326.nextSibling); } } function openQRModal() { var modal = document.querySelector('.s396-qr-modal'); var overlay = document.querySelector('.s396-qr-overlay'); if (!modal || !overlay) return; var isZH = detectZH(); var url = location.href; var qrImg = modal.querySelector('.s396-qr-img'); if (qrImg) { qrImg.src = 'https://api.qrserver.com/v1/create-qr-code/?size=200x200&data=' + encodeURIComponent(url); qrImg.alt = isZH ? '\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801' : 'QR Code'; qrImg.onerror = function() { qrImg.style.display = 'none'; var fallback = modal.querySelector('.s396-qr-fallback'); if (fallback) fallback.style.display = 'block'; }; qrImg.onload = function() { qrImg.style.display = ''; var fallback = modal.querySelector('.s396-qr-fallback'); if (fallback) fallback.style.display = 'none'; }; } var urlEl = modal.querySelector('.s396-qr-url'); if (urlEl) urlEl.textContent = url; var h3 = modal.querySelector('h3'); if (h3) h3.textContent = isZH ? '\u5206\u4eab\u672c\u6587' : 'Share Article'; var hint = modal.querySelector('.s396-qr-hint'); if (hint) hint.textContent = isZH ? '\u626b\u7801\u5728\u624b\u673a\u4e0a\u6253\u5f00' : 'Scan to open on your phone'; var copyBtn = modal.querySelector('.s396-qr-copy'); if (copyBtn) copyBtn.textContent = isZH ? '\u590d\u5236\u94fe\u63a5' : 'Copy URL'; var closeBtn = modal.querySelector('.s396-qr-close'); if (closeBtn) closeBtn.setAttribute('aria-label', isZH ? '\u5173\u95ed' : 'Close'); modal.classList.add('s396-qr-active'); overlay.classList.add('s396-qr-active'); document.body.style.overflow = 'hidden'; } function closeQRModal() { var modal = document.querySelector('.s396-qr-modal'); var overlay = document.querySelector('.s396-qr-overlay'); if (modal) modal.classList.remove('s396-qr-active'); if (overlay) overlay.classList.remove('s396-qr-active'); document.body.style.overflow = ''; } function initModalEvents() { var overlay = document.querySelector('.s396-qr-overlay'); var closeBtn = document.querySelector('.s396-qr-close'); var copyBtn = document.querySelector('.s396-qr-copy'); if (overlay) overlay.addEventListener('click', closeQRModal); if (closeBtn) closeBtn.addEventListener('click', closeQRModal); if (copyBtn) copyBtn.addEventListener('click', function() { var url = location.href; var isZH = detectZH(); var doneText = isZH ? '\u5df2\u590d\u5236!' : 'Copied!'; var resetText = isZH ? '\u590d\u5236\u94fe\u63a5' : 'Copy URL'; if (navigator.clipboard && navigator.clipboard.writeText) { navigator.clipboard.writeText(url).then(function() { copyBtn.textContent = doneText; setTimeout(function() { copyBtn.textContent = resetText; }, 2000); }).catch(function() { fallbackCopy(url, copyBtn, doneText, resetText); }); } else { fallbackCopy(url, copyBtn, doneText, resetText); } }); document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) { if (e.key === 'Escape') closeQRModal(); }); } function fallbackCopy(url, btn, doneText, resetText) { var ta = document.createElement('textarea'); ta.value = url; ta.style.position = 'fixed'; ta.style.opacity = '0'; document.body.appendChild(ta); ta.select(); try { document.execCommand('copy'); } catch(e) {} document.body.removeChild(ta); btn.textContent = doneText; setTimeout(function() { btn.textContent = resetText; }, 2000); } function init() { createQRButton(); initModalEvents(); } if (document.readyState === 'loading') { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', init); } else { init(); } })();

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// s397-share-init (function() { if (window.__s397_share_init) return; window.__s397_share_init = true; function detectZH() { return /-zh\.html(\?|$)/.test(location.pathname) || document.documentElement.lang === 'zh' || /[\u4e00-\u9fff]/.test(document.body.textContent.slice(0, 500)); } function getArticleTitle() { var h1 = document.querySelector('article h1'); if (h1 && h1.textContent.trim()) return h1.textContent.trim(); var main = document.querySelector('h1'); if (main && main.textContent.trim()) return main.textContent.trim(); return document.title || 'AI Wellbeing Article'; } function createShareButton() { var s326 = document.getElementById('s326-print-btn'); if (!s326) return; if (document.querySelector('.s397-share')) return; var isZH = detectZH(); var btn = document.createElement('button'); btn.className = 's397-share'; btn.setAttribute('aria-label', isZH ? '\u5206\u4eab\u672c\u6587' : 'Share this article'); btn.setAttribute('title', isZH ? '\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u5206\u4eab\u672c\u6587' : 'Share this article on social media'); btn.type = 'button'; btn.textContent = '\uD83D\uDD17'; btn.addEventListener('click', openShareModal); if (s326.parentNode) { s326.parentNode.insertBefore(btn, s326.nextSibling); } } function openShareModal() { var modal = document.querySelector('.s397-share-modal'); var overlay = document.querySelector('.s397-share-overlay'); if (!modal || !overlay) return; var isZH = detectZH(); var url = location.href; var title = getArticleTitle(); var h3 = modal.querySelector('h3'); if (h3) h3.textContent = isZH ? '\u5206\u4eab\u672c\u6587' : 'Share this article'; var sub = modal.querySelector('.s397-share-sub'); if (sub) sub.textContent = isZH ? '\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u53f0\u5206\u4eab' : 'Choose a platform to share'; // Set share URLs var sx = modal.querySelector('.s397-sx'); var sli = modal.querySelector('.s397-sli'); var sfb = modal.querySelector('.s397-sfb'); var semail = modal.querySelector('.s397-semail'); var scopy = modal.querySelector('.s397-scopy'); if (sx) { sx.href = 'https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=' + encodeURIComponent(title) + '&url=' + encodeURIComponent(url); var sxLabel = sx.querySelector('.s397-share-label'); if (sxLabel) sxLabel.textContent = isZH ? 'X / Twitter' : 'X / Twitter'; } if (sli) { sli.href = 'https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=' + encodeURIComponent(url); var sliLabel = sli.querySelector('.s397-share-label'); if (sliLabel) sliLabel.textContent = isZH ? 'LinkedIn' : 'LinkedIn'; } if (sfb) { sfb.href = 'https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=' + encodeURIComponent(url); var sfbLabel = sfb.querySelector('.s397-share-label'); if (sfbLabel) sfbLabel.textContent = isZH ? 'Facebook' : 'Facebook'; } if (semail) { semail.href = 'mailto:?subject=' + encodeURIComponent(title) + '&body=' + encodeURIComponent(url); var semailLabel = semail.querySelector('.s397-share-label'); if (semailLabel) semailLabel.textContent = isZH ? '\u90ae\u4ef6' : 'Email'; } if (scopy) { var scopyLabel = scopy.querySelector('.s397-share-label'); if (scopyLabel) scopyLabel.textContent = isZH ? '\u590d\u5236\u94fe\u63a5' : 'Copy Link'; } var urlEl = modal.querySelector('.s397-share-url'); if (urlEl) urlEl.textContent = url; var closeBtn = modal.querySelector('.s397-share-close'); if (closeBtn) closeBtn.setAttribute('aria-label', isZH ? '\u5173\u95ed' : 'Close'); modal.classList.add('s397-share-active'); overlay.classList.add('s397-share-active'); document.body.style.overflow = 'hidden'; } function closeShareModal() { var modal = document.querySelector('.s397-share-modal'); var overlay = document.querySelector('.s397-share-overlay'); if (modal) modal.classList.remove('s397-share-active'); if (overlay) overlay.classList.remove('s397-share-active'); document.body.style.overflow = ''; } function initModalEvents() { var overlay = document.querySelector('.s397-share-overlay'); var closeBtn = document.querySelector('.s397-share-close'); var scopy = document.querySelector('.s397-scopy'); var sx = document.querySelector('.s397-sx'); var sli = document.querySelector('.s397-sli'); var sfb = document.querySelector('.s397-sfb'); var semail = document.querySelector('.s397-semail'); if (overlay) overlay.addEventListener('click', closeShareModal); if (closeBtn) closeBtn.addEventListener('click', closeShareModal); function externalShare(btn) { if (!btn || !btn.href) return; window.open(btn.href, '_blank', 'noopener,noreferrer,width=600,height=600'); // Prevent default navigation; we've handled it via window.open } if (sx) sx.addEventListener('click', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); externalShare(sx); }); if (sli) sli.addEventListener('click', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); externalShare(sli); }); if (sfb) sfb.addEventListener('click', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); externalShare(sfb); }); // mailto: opens default mail client — let it navigate naturally (no preventDefault) if (scopy) scopy.addEventListener('click', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var isZH = detectZH(); var url = location.href; var doneText = isZH ? '\u5df2\u590d\u5236!' : 'Copied!'; var resetText = isZH ? '\u590d\u5236\u94fe\u63a5' : 'Copy Link'; var label = scopy.querySelector('.s397-share-label'); if (navigator.clipboard && navigator.clipboard.writeText) { navigator.clipboard.writeText(url).then(function() { if (label) { label.textContent = doneText; setTimeout(function() { label.textContent = resetText; }, 2000); } }).catch(function() { fallbackCopy(url, label, doneText, resetText); }); } else { fallbackCopy(url, label, doneText, resetText); } }); document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) { if (e.key === 'Escape') closeShareModal(); }); } function fallbackCopy(url, label, doneText, resetText) { var ta = document.createElement('textarea'); ta.value = url; ta.style.position = 'fixed'; ta.style.opacity = '0'; document.body.appendChild(ta); ta.select(); try { document.execCommand('copy'); } catch(e) {} document.body.removeChild(ta); if (label) { label.textContent = doneText; setTimeout(function() { label.textContent = resetText; }, 2000); } } function init() { createShareButton(); initModalEvents(); } if (document.readyState === 'loading') { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', init); } else { init(); } })();

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// s402-tocprogress-init (function() { if (window.__s402_tocprogress_init) return; window.__s402_tocprogress_init = true; var tocDiv = document.querySelector('.toc'); if (!tocDiv) return; var tocLinks = tocDiv.querySelectorAll('a[href^="#"]'); if (!tocLinks.length) return; // detect language var isZh = /-zh\.html$/.test(location.pathname) || (document.documentElement.lang === 'zh') || /[\u4e00-\u9fff]/.test(document.title || ''); var visitedLabel = isZh ? '\u5df2\u8bfb' : '\u2713'; var progressLabel = isZh ? '\u9605\u8bfb\u8fdb\u5ea6' : 'Reading progress'; var resetLabel = isZh ? '\u91cd\u7f6e' : 'Reset'; // slug for localStorage var slug = location.pathname.replace(/.*\//, '').replace(/\.html.*$/, '') || 'default'; var storageKey = 'glm52_s402_toc_visited_' + slug; // load visited state var visited = {}; try { visited = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(storageKey) || '{}'); if (typeof visited !== 'object' || visited === null) visited = {}; } catch(e) { visited = {}; } // create progress bar var progressDiv = document.createElement('div'); progressDiv.className = 's402-toc-progress'; progressDiv.setAttribute('data-s402-toc-progress', ''); var progressText = document.createElement('span'); progressText.className = 's402-toc-progress-text'; progressDiv.appendChild(progressText); var progressBar = document.createElement('span'); progressBar.className = 's402-toc-progress-bar'; var progressFill = document.createElement('span'); progressFill.className = 's402-toc-progress-fill'; progressBar.appendChild(progressFill); progressDiv.appendChild(progressBar); var resetBtn = document.createElement('button'); resetBtn.className = 's402-toc-reset-btn'; resetBtn.textContent = resetLabel; resetBtn.setAttribute('type', 'button'); resetBtn.setAttribute('aria-label', resetLabel); progressDiv.appendChild(resetBtn); tocDiv.insertBefore(progressDiv, tocDiv.firstChild); function updateProgress() { var total = tocLinks.length; var count = 0; for (var k in visited) { if (visited[k]) count++; } var pct = total > 0 ? Math.round((count / total) * 100) : 0; progressText.textContent = progressLabel + ': ' + count + '/' + total + ' (' + pct + '%)'; progressFill.style.width = pct + '%'; } function markVisited(anchorId) { if (!anchorId) return; if (!visited[anchorId]) { visited[anchorId] = true; try { localStorage.setItem(storageKey, JSON.stringify(visited)); } catch(e) {} } // update link styling regardless (idempotent on already-visited) for (var i = 0; i < tocLinks.length; i++) { var link = tocLinks[i]; var href = link.getAttribute('href') || ''; if (href === '#' + anchorId) { link.classList.add('s402-toc-visited'); link.classList.remove('s402-toc-unvisited'); } } updateProgress(); } function resetVisited() { visited = {}; try { localStorage.removeItem(storageKey); } catch(e) {} for (var i = 0; i < tocLinks.length; i++) { tocLinks[i].classList.remove('s402-toc-visited'); tocLinks[i].classList.add('s402-toc-unvisited'); } updateProgress(); } resetBtn.addEventListener('click', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); resetVisited(); }); // apply existing visited state on load for (var i = 0; i < tocLinks.length; i++) { var link = tocLinks[i]; var href = link.getAttribute('href') || ''; if (href.charAt(0) === '#') { var anchorId = href.slice(1); if (visited[anchorId]) { link.classList.add('s402-toc-visited'); } else { link.classList.add('s402-toc-unvisited'); } } } updateProgress(); // IntersectionObserver to detect when section is scrolled past if ('IntersectionObserver' in window) { var observer = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries) { entries.forEach(function(entry) { if (entry.isIntersecting) { var id = entry.target.id; if (id) { markVisited(id); } } }); }, { rootMargin: '0px 0px -60% 0px', threshold: 0.05 }); for (var j = 0; j < tocLinks.length; j++) { var link = tocLinks[j]; var href = link.getAttribute('href') || ''; if (href.charAt(0) === '#') { var anchorId = href.slice(1); var target = document.getElementById(anchorId); if (target) { observer.observe(target); } } } } // also mark visited on click tocDiv.addEventListener('click', function(e) { var link = e.target.closest('a[href^="#"]'); if (link) { var href = link.getAttribute('href') || ''; var anchorId = href.slice(1); markVisited(anchorId); } }); })();